Retraction and Correction Policy

Andean Journals is committed to the integrity and accuracy of the scientific record. This policy describes the procedures applicable when errors or irregularities are detected in published articles.

Corrections

A correction (erratum) is published when a published article contains minor errors that do not affect the conclusions of the work but need to be documented in the scientific record. Corrections are initiated by authors or by the editorial team. The correction is linked to the original article and clearly indicates the nature of the error and the correct text.

Retraction

An article is retracted when any of the following situations is verified:

• Fabrication or falsification of data, results, or images.
• Significant plagiarism of others' or one's own work.
• Invalid or undisclosed authorship.
• Non-reproducible results that invalidate the main conclusions.
• Duplicate publication without adequate disclosure.
• Undisclosed conflict of interest affecting the validity of the work.
• Non-compliance with research ethics standards.

The retracted article remains visible on the platform with a clearly visible retraction mark, date, and reason. The DOI remains active to preserve the historical record.

Expressions of Concern

When an investigation into possible irregularities is ongoing but no conclusion has been reached, an expression of concern may be published to alert readers to the article's status while the situation is resolved.

Procedure

Anyone may report a concern about a published article by sending an email to editorial.ajes@andeanjournals.org with detailed evidence. The editorial team investigates all notifications following the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Retraction decisions are communicated to authors before being made public.